Abstract:
This paper presents solutions for one
requirement of autonomous characters in animation and games: the
ability to navigate around their world in a life-like and
improvisational manner. These "steering behaviors" are largely
independent of the particulars of the character's means of
locomotion. Combinations of steering behaviors can be used to achieve
higher level goals (For example: get from here to there while avoiding
obstacles, follow this corridor, join that group of characters...)
This paper divides motion behavior into three levels. It will focus on
the middle level of steering behaviors, briefly describe the lower
level of locomotion, and touch lightly on the higher level of goal
setting and strategy.
Keywords:
Animation Techniques, Virtual/Interactive Environments, Games,
Simulation, behavioral animation, autonomous agent, situated,
embodied, reactive, vehicle, steering, path planning, path following,
pursuit, evasion, obstacle avoidance, collision avoidance, flocking,
group behavior, navigation, artificial life, improvisation.
Citation:
Reynolds, C. W. (1999) Steering Behaviors For Autonomous Characters,
in the proceedings of Game Developers Conference 1999 held in San
Jose, California. Miller Freeman Game Group, San Francisco,
California. Pages 763-782.
Full article available online:
HTML (0.14 MB, slightly updated)
PDF (0.2 MB)
Related links:
Steering Behaviors For Autonomous Characters:
Java demos and other related links
OpenSteer: a C++
implementation of these steering behaviors.
Cross references of citations by and to this paper at
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